Sebaceous cysts are common noncancerous cysts of the skin. Cysts are abnormalities in the body that may contain liquid or semiliquid material. Sebaceous cysts are mostly found on the face, neck, or any parts of the body except palm and sole. They grow slowly and aren’t life-threatening, but they may become uncomfortable if they go unchecked.
Sebaceous cysts come from your sebaceous glands. Cysts can develop if the gland or its duct (the passage through which the sebum leaves for the skin) gets damaged or blocked. This usually happens as a result of some sort of trauma in the area such as a scratch, a surgical wound, or a skin condition like acne. The cysts can also form because of a misshapen or deformed duct, or genetic conditions such as basal cell nevus syndrome.
Sebaceous cysts come from your sebaceous glands. Cysts can develop if the gland or its duct (the passage through which the sebum leaves for the skin) gets damaged or blocked. This usually happens as a result of some sort of trauma in the area such as a scratch, a surgical wound, or a skin condition like acne. The cysts can also form because of a misshapen or deformed duct, or genetic conditions such as basal cell nevus syndrome.
Most sebaceous glands connect to hair follicles while others open on the surface of your skin. Your sebaceous glands produce a mixture of lipids called sebum. The lipids include:
- Glycerides.
- Wax esters.
- Free fatty acids.
- Squalene.
- Cholesterol.
- Cholesterol esters.
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How are sebaceous cysts treated?
If the cyst is small, not growing and not bothersome, the sebaceous cysts can be ignored, as they usually are not dangerous. If a small cyst becomes inflamed, your healthcare provider may inject it with a steroid drug to reduce swelling. A healthcare provider may drain a cyst that is large, tender, or inflamed. Larger cysts may need to be removed if they cause hair loss on the scalp, or interfere with clothing.
When your cyst is removed you’ll be given a local anesthetic to numb your skin. Your healthcare provider will make a cut and squeeze out the protein inside. If the entire cyst is removed with sac, the cyst likely will not come back; but if part of the lining remains, the cyst will likely recure.
Your healthcare provider may use one of the following methods to get rid of your sebaceous cyst:
- Laser-aided excision.
The cyst is drained when a laser makes a small hole. - Conventional wide excision.
This procedure leaves a long scar after the cyst is removed. - Minimal excision.
The cyst is removed using a smaller incision in the skin overlying the cyst. - Punch excision.
The cyst and a small margin of normal skin around it are removed using a cookie-cutter like scalpel.
Never try to burst and drain the cyst yourself. That could spread infection and the cyst could grow back.
Check out our Viral Skin Lesions, Benign Skin Growth and Age-related skin conditions page for treatment related to similar skin conditions.
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